esource to the community and a material resource to the environment.ent...
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In the 1990's, the quest for the healthy house will achieve the visibility of a full-fledged social movement. Science has provided an increasing volume of evidence that many industrial materials commonly used in construction emit toxic elements into the interior atmosphere for substantal periods after their installation. arpet adhesives, synthetic fabrics and the glues used in exterior grade plywood are the most common toxics to be documented.
The move toward tighter building envelope design and decreased ventilation rates has combined with the presence of internal pollutants to create the Sick Building Syndrome.......
Principles of Design
Material Principles
Avoid Toxic Materials
Carpet adhesives, synthetic fabrics and the glues used in exterior grade plywood are the most common toxics to be documented.
The move toward tighter building envelope design and decreased ventilation rates has combined with the presence of internal pollu-tants to create the Sick Building Syndrome.
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Principles of Design
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Material Principles
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Burnham House by Beirman-Lytle
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The preceding metaphorical principles are rather abstract. Construction, however, is a very concrete activity -- bricks get mortared into place and boards get cut into two pieces, one that you want and one that you don't.
The materials used to construct a space will affect how we feel when we are in that place. The selection of those particular materials will also affect the place from where they are taken and the place where they are manufactured. How the use of these products and the act of building effect the world is our focus here......
:PHYSSIZE
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Courtesy Heartwood
Principles of Design
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Material Principles
Means and Ends
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Do the ends justify the means? These principles have been adapted from A Source Book for Sustainable Design being developed by Architects for Social Responsibility.:a committee of the Boston Society of Architects..
Material Principles ---
Build for reuse Conserve material resources
Conserve energy resources Avoid toxic materials
Avoid toxic materials
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A Source Book for Sustainable Design, Architects for Social Responsibility. Boston: Boston Society of Architects, 1991. See Bibliography... General
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HOUSE DESIGN
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Courtesy Heartwood
Means and Ends
Principles of Design
Do the ends justify the means? These principles have been adapted from A Source Book for Sustainable Design being developed by Architects for Social Responsibility.:a committee of the Boston Society of Architects..
:PHYSSIZE
Material Principles ---
Build for reuse Conserve material resources
Conserve energy resources Avoid toxic materials
Avoid toxic materials
What principles? Is there something to add here in a button or something?
Material Principles
Means and Ends
vailable to most homebuilders, other local materials are available which will anchor the building to the material reality of its place.
Avoid Toxic Materialss
In the 1990's, the quest for the healthy house will achieve the visibility of a full fledged social movement. Science has provided an increasing volume of evidence that many industrial mateirals commonly used in construction emit toxic elements into the interior atmosphere for substantal periods after their installation. Carpet adhesives, synthetic fabrics and the glues
materialPrinciples
reuse
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Principles of Design
Material Principles
Burnham House
Principles of Design
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Serif
conserveEnergy
The need to conserve energy has been in the news for almost 20 years. There are very
few people who have not taken some energy conserving measure such as weather stripping exterior doors or installing insulation around a hot water heater. Utilities, too, have become aggressive in reducing demand in order to avoid new capital-generating expenditures.
But what about the embodied energy of materials? How much energy does it require to manufacture the product selected for construction? How much energy is consumed in transporting the product to the construction site? If we were to incorporate these expenditures into the final accounting of energy used by buildings, it would exceed 50 percent of the nation's annual energy budget...on's annual energy budget.
Principles of Design
Material Principles
Conserve Energy Resourceses
To reach the next level of energy conscious- ness, we should:
--- Recognize the embodied energy of
materials.
--- Select local materials to reduce
transportation cost.
--- Encourage energy conservation or
mass transportation.
--- Utilize energy conserving construction
systems......
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Principles of Design
Material Principles
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conserveMaterials
Courtesy Steven Moore
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Yankee frugality is part of the mythology of New England, a myth because it no longer seems to be a part of the living culture. In the place of true economy, that region is now more invested in the simulation of historic architectural styles. For example, the use of vinyl siding, extruded in the shape of pine clapboards, is an attempt to pre-serve a visual tradition rather than recognize the reality of contemporary material economy. Form
is valued over substance.
17th century settlers in New England invented the weatherboard, or clapboard, in response to specific conditions. Their use of available materials was frugal because they had little other choice. But subsequent builders, who viewed natural resources of the region as unlimited, have depleted that resource to the extentttenttt it is no longer a viable part of the material culture. Most real clapboards used in New England today are improted from the the northwest..
resource to the extent it is no longer a viable part of the material culture. Most real clapboards used in New England today are imported from the the northwest.west.part of the material culture. Most real clapboards used in New England today are imported from the the northwest.
Principles of Design
Material Principles
Conserve Material Resources
HOUSE DESIGN
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reuse
The idea of the planned obsolescence of buildings emerged shortly after World War II when capitalism embraced short term investment profit, and turned its back on long term capital investment. It is a concept which never occurred to any previous society, because buildings have historically represented the long term aspirations of cultures -- or cultural capital -- rather than the immediate needs of individual stock holders.
Similarly, houses have represented the aspirations of families. Conventional wisdom would hold that to build badly would be to squander the resources gathered by parents and to negate one's responsibility to future generations. In this case, we would argue that conventional wisdom is based upon scientific fact...
In recent years the concept of life cycle analysis has been developed to quantify the facts which conventional wisdom has always taken for granted.
In simple terms, the life cycle cost of a building considers the cost of operation and repair over the anticipated life of the building to judge the relative economic value of initial investment options. Is it wise to invest now in, say, high quality windows, if that investment will be paid back in 20 years? Your answer will likely depend upon how long your family intends to live in the house and what other design options you may have to live without in order to realize the gain after 20 years..
Principles of Design
Material Principles
Build for Reuse
al resource to the community and a material resource to the environment.ent...
Principles of Design
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Courtesy Steven Moore
photo credit??
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HOUSE DESIGN
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Material Principles
Principles of Design
The healthy houses illustrated here are pioneers in material research. There is a danger, however, that in choosing to solve this particular problem, designers will ignore other important cultural and ecological issues. Responsible design will integrate each of the design and material principles we have reviewed into the broader goals of architecture.
Avoid Toxic Materials
House by Builders for Social Responsibility, Hinesburg, Vermontt
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HOUSE DESIGN
Some individuals have proven to be far more sensitive to indoor air quality problems than others, and their suffering has sounded an alarm to the general public. The German design and construction movement Baubiologie has had significant impact in Europe promoting conscious-ness of environmental health. A comparable social reaction is now underway in North America.
Such toxic materials continue to be dangerous when they are transformed into solid waste. The pollution of groundwater sources from non-recyclable materials massed in landfills is begin-ning to reach public consciousness. usness. . If we are to avoid such direc
If we are to avoid such direct threats to health in our homes, and the more indirect health hazards of groundwater pollution, we should:
--- Select materials which do not generate toxics in manufacture, use, or disposal; and
--- Select materials which do not require
frequent refinishing. parable social reaction is now underway in North America.
Such toxic materials continue to be dangerous when they are transformed into solid waste. The pollution of groundwater sources from non-recyclable materials massed in landfills is similarly beginning to reach public consciousness. If we are to avoid such direc
Your answer will likely depend upon how long your family intends to live in the house and what other design options you may have to live without in order to realize the gain after 20 years.ent options. Is it wise to invest now in, say, high quality windows, if that investment will be paid back in 20 years?
Your answer will likely depend upon how long your family intends to live in the house and what other design options you may have to live without in order to realize the gain after 20 years.....ng your family intends to live in the house and what other design options you may have to live without in order to realize the gain after 20 years.
In the 1990's, the quest for the healthy house will achieve the visibility of a full fledged social movement. Science has provided an increasing volume of evidence that many industrial materials commo
HOUSE DESIGN
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A true life cycle analysis should attempt to measure the long term cost to the environment as a whole, not simply to the initial investor. Eventually we will all pay the price, and thus it becomes a question of public policy. If funds to build are modest, what will be the cost to recycle the "inexpensive" materials in the house once they are fully depreciated? Would a quantitative analysis of this question lead to the use of more durable materials in the first place?
We think so.
aterials in the house once they are fully depreciated? Would a quantitative analysis of this question lead to the use of more durable materials in the first place?
We think so.
In general:
Select materials for durability.
Install systems which can be easily repaired.
Avoid composite materials; they can be difficult to recycle.
Principles of Design
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Material Principles
Build for Reuse
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available which will anchor the building to the material reality of its place...
` grade plywood are the most common toxics to be documented.
The move toward tighter building envelope design and decreased ventilation rates have combined with the presence of internal p
Principles of Design
:PHYSSIZE
To practice frugality means to:
--- avoid using scarce materials
--- use products made from recycled materials
--- require the recycling of construction and
demolition materials whenever possible
--- renovate and repair rather than demolish
and rebuild, aim for material efficiency, or
the best performance from the least
material
Such an attitude would today produce buildings different from the classic white capes we asso-ciate with New England's "economy of means." The Pine Cone house by John Silverio of Lincolnville, Maine, is an excellent example..
r J o
Material Principles
Conserve Material Resources
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Courtesy John Silverio
HOUSE DESIGN
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P$ $ $
reuse
The idea of the planned obsolescence of buildings emerged shortly after World War II when capitalism embraced short term investment profit, and turned its back on long term capital investment. It is a concept which never occurred to any previous society, because buildings have historically represented the long term aspirations of cultures -- or cultural capital -- rather than the immediate needs of individual stock holders.
Similarly, houses have represented the aspirations of families. Conventional wisdom would hold that to build badly would be to squander the resources gathered by parents and to negate one's responsibility to future generations. In this case, we would argue that conventional wisdom is based upon scientific fact....
In recent years the concept of life cycle analysis has been developed to quantify the facts which conventional wisdom has always taken for granted.
In simple terms, the life cycle cost of a building considers the cost of operation and repair over the anticipated life of the building to judge the relative economic value of initial investment options. Is it wise to invest now in, say, high quality windows, if that investment will be paid back in 20 years? Your answer will likely depend upon how long your family intends to live in the house and what other design options you may have to live without in order to realize the gain after 20 years..
Principles of Design
Material Principles
Build for Reuse
Your answer will likely depend upon how long your family intends to live in the house and what other design options you may have to live without in order to realize the gain after 20 years.ent options. Is it wise to invest now in, say, high quality windows, if that investment will be paid back in 20 years?
Your answer will likely depend upon how long your family intends to live in the house and what other design options you may have to live without in order to realize the gain after 20 years.....ng your family intends to live in the house and what other design options you may have to live without in order to realize the gain after 20 years.
Principles of Design
:PHYSSIZE
This house in Savannah, Georgia is a case in point. It has been renovated more than once in the nearly 200 years it has served several different owners. Because the builders of this house built well, it continues to be a cultural resource to the community and a material resource to the environment.ent...
Principles of Design
Material Principles
Build for Reuse
:PHYSSIZE
Courtesy Steven Moore
materialPrinciples
The preceding metaphorical principles are rather abstract. Construction, however, is a very concrete activity -- bricks get mortared into place and boards get cut into two pieces, one that you want and one that you don't.
The materials used to construct a space will affect how we feel when we are in that place. The selection of those particular materials will also affect the place from where they are taken and the place where they are manufactured. How the use of these products and the act of building effect the world is our focus here......
:PHYSSIZE
:PHYSSIZE
Courtesy Heartwood
Principles of Design
b : _
Material Principles
Means and Ends
:PHYSSIZE
Do the ends justify the means? These principles have been adapted from A Source Book for Sustainable Design being developed by Architects for Social Responsibility.:a committee of the Boston Society of Architects..
Material Principles ---
Build for reuse Conserve material resources
Conserve energy resources Avoid toxic materials
Avoid toxic materials
"footnote"
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A Source Book for Sustainable Design, Architects for Social Responsibility. Boston: Boston Society of Architects, 1991. See Bibliography... General
Nearly all of the structural and finish lumber used to construct the Gilpatrick House shown here was harvested and sawn within a 20 mile radius of the site. Although this option is not available to most homebuilders, other local materials are available which will anchor the building to the material reality of its place...
Principles of Design
Material Principles
Conserve Energy Resourceses
:PHYSSIZE
Courtesy Steven Moore
:PHYSSIZE
conservation or
mass transportation.
--- Utilize energy conserving construction
systems.
Nearly all of the structural and finish lumber used to construct the Gilpatrick House shownwas harvest-ed and sawn within a 20 miles radius of the site. Although this option is not available to most homebuilders, other local materials are available which will anchor the building to the material reality of its place.
Nearly all of the structural and finish lumber used to construct the Gilpatrick House shown here was harvested and sawn within a 20 mile radius of the site. Although this option is not available to most homebuilders, other local materials are available which will anchor the building to the material reality of its place...